Basic Kaolinite Clay Geopolymer Chemistry

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Molar mass:
Al2O3 ~ 102 g/mol
CaO ~ 56.1 g/mol
H2O ~ 18 g/mol
H3PO4 ~ 98 g/mol
KH2PO4 ~ 136.1 g/mol
K2HPO4 ~ 174.2 g/mol
NaOH ~ 40 g/mol
KOH ~ 56.1 g/mol
Na2SiO3 ~ 122.1 g/mol
K2SiO3 ~ 154.3 g/mol
SiO2 ~ 60.1 g/mol

Kaolinite
Chemical Formula: Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Molecular Weight ~ 258.2 g/mol
Oxide Composition:
Al2O3 = 1 mol ~ 102.0g 39.50 %
SiO2 = 2 mol ~ 120.2g 46.55 %
H2O = 2 mol ~ 36.0g 13.95 %

Si/Al = 1,178

Metakaolin is kaolin clay calcined at 750°C.

Chemical Formula: Al2Si2O7

Molecular Weight ~ 222.13 g/mol g/mol

Glomax LL Calcined Kaolin is sold per lb at many pottery supplies.

McNamee Kaolin
Al2O3 39.30%
SiO2 44.50%
Si/Al =1,132

Pioneer Kaolin
Al2O3 38.30%
SiO2 45.40%
Si/Al =1,188

EPK Kaolin
Al2O3 37.36%
SiO2 45.73%
Si/Al = 1,224

Kaolinite + 2 mol SiO2
Weight ~ 378.4 g
Oxide Composition:
Al2O3 = 1 mol ~ 102.0g 26.96 %
SiO2 = 4 mol ~ 240.4g 63.53 %
H2O = 2 mol ~ 36.0g 9.51 %

Greenstripe Fire Clay
Al2O3 27.70%
SiO2 57.20%

Bell Dark Ball Clay
Al2O3 26.80%
SiO2 58.90%
 
C & C Ball Clay
Al2O3 26.29%
SiO2 59.84%

Kaolinite + 4 mol SiO2
Weight ~ 498.2 g
Oxide Composition:
Al2O3 = 1 mol ~ 102.0g 20.46 %
SiO2 = 6 mol ~ 360.6g 72.32 %
H2O = 2 mol ~ 36.0g 7.22 %


Kaolinite + KOH:

Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 KOH = 2 KAlSiO4 + 3 H2O

Kalsilite ~ 1750 °C / 3182 °F
Chemical Formula: KAlSiO4
Molecular Weight = 158.16 gm
Potassium 24.72 % K 29.78 % K2O
Aluminum 17.06 % Al 32.23 % Al2O3
Silicon 17.76 % Si 37.99 % SiO2
Oxygen 40.46 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE


Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 SiO2 + 2 KOH = 2 KAlSi2O6 + 3 H2O
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 K2SiO3 = 2 KAlSi2O6 + 3 H2O

Leucite ~ 1686 °C / 3066 °F
Chemical Formula: KAlSi2O6
Molecular Weight = 218.25 gm
Potassium 17.91 % K 21.58 % K2O
Aluminum 12.36 % Al 23.36 % Al2O3
Silicon 25.74 % Si 55.06 % SiO2
Oxygen 43.99 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE


Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 SiO2 + 2 KOH = 2 KAlSi3O8 + 3 H2O
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 SiO2 + 2 K2SiO3 = 2 KAlSi3O8 + 3 H2O

Orthoclase ~ 1250 °C / 2282 °F
Chemical Formula: KAlSi3O8
Molecular Weight = 278.33 gm
Potassium 14.05 % K 16.92 % K2O
Aluminum 9.69 % Al 18.32 % Al2O3
Silicon 30.27 % Si 64.76 % SiO2
Oxygen 45.99 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE


Kaolinite + NaOH

Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 NaOH = 2 NaAlSiO4 + 3 H2O

Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 SiO2 + 2 NaOH = 2 NaAlSi2O6 + 3 H2O

Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + SiO2 + Na2SiO3 = 2 NaAlSi2O6 + 2 H2O

NaAlSiO4 and NaAlSi2O6 do not occur pure in nature.
Melting points of sodium aluminosilicates are about 100-150°C lower
than their potassium aluminosilicate counterpart.


Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 SiO2 + 2 NaOH = 2 NaAlSi3O8 + 3 H2O

Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 3 SiO2 + Na2SiO3 = 2 NaAlSi3O8 + 2 H2O

Albite ~ 1120 °C / 2048 °F
Chemical Formula: NaAlSi3O8
Molecular Weight = 263.02 gm
Composition:
Sodium 8.30 % Na 11.19 % Na2O
Calcium 0.76 % Ca 1.07 % CaO
Aluminum 10.77 % Al 20.35 % Al2O3
Silicon 31.50 % Si 67.39 % SiO2
Oxygen 48.66 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE


Kaolinite + quick lime CaO
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + CaO = CaAl2Si2O8 + 2 H2O
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 CaO = Ca2Al2Si2O9 + 2 H2O
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 3 CaO = Ca3Al2Si2O10 + 2 H2O
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 CaO = Ca4Al2Si2O11 + 2 H2O

Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 melting point ~ 1553 °C / 2827,4 °F


Kaolinite + phosphoric acid
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2 H3PO4 = 2 AlPO4 + 2 H4SiO4 + H2O
Aluminium phosphate AlPO4 Melting point 1,800 °C / 3,270 °F

Portland cement contains about 64% CaO

Monopotassium Phosphate KH2PO4 reacted with lye.
KH2PO4+KOH = K2HPO4 + H2O
KH2PO4+NaOH=KHNaPO4 + H2O

6 K2HPO4 + 3 Ca(OH)2 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 4 K3PO4 + 6 H2O
2K3PO4 + 3CaO = Ca3(PO4)2 + 3K2O
4K3PO4 + 6CaO = 2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6K2O

9 K2HPO4 + 5 Ca(OH)2 = Ca5(PO4)3(OH) + 6 K3PO4 + 9 H2O
6K3PO4 + 9CaO = 3Ca3(PO4)2 + 9K2O


6 KHNaPO4 + 3 Ca(OH)2 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 2 K3PO4 + 2 Na3PO4 + 6 H2O
9 KHNaPO4 + 5 Ca(OH)2 = Ca5(PO4)3(OH) + 3 K3PO4 + 3 Na3PO4 + 9 H2O


Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + K3PO4 = AlPO4 + K3AlSi2O5(OH)4
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + Na3PO4 = AlPO4 + Na3AlSi2O5(OH)4

K3PO4 + Al2O3 = K3Al2PO7
Na3PO4 + Al2O3 = Na3Al2PO7